Interactions between Dental Attrition, Abrasion, and Erosion: A Clinical and Laboratory Study on Tooth Wear Mechanisms and Contributing Factors

Purpose: Dental attrition, abrasion, and erosion are common causes of tooth wear, particularly among elderly individuals. The interaction between these conditions, along with gender differences, chronic diseases, and behavioral factors, may increase the severity of dental tissue loss. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and interaction of dental attrition, abrasion, and erosion and their association with demographic and clinical risk factors. 
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study were conducted on 30 patients attending dental clinics in Al-Zawiya, Libya. Clinical examinations and structured questionnaires were used to assess tooth wear patterns, associated habits, and systemic conditions. In addition, laboratory erosion experiments were performed using hydrochloric acid (pH 1.2) on extracted deciduous and permanent teeth. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, applying the Chi-square test with a significance level of p < 0.05. 
Results: Females represented 77% of the study sample, and elderly patients accounted for 73% (p = 0.027). Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was the most common associated condition (43%), followed by periodontal disease (36%) and asthma (21%). Abrasive oral hygiene practices were reported by 47% of participants, while 40% frequently consumed acidic foods and beverages. Laboratory findings showed complete dissolution of deciduous teeth within 5.5 hours and approximately 75% structural loss of permanent molars after 11 hours of acid exposure. 
Conclusion: Dental attrition, abrasion, and erosion act synergistically to accelerate tooth wear, particularly in elderly and female patients. GERD, abrasive habits, and acidic diets significantly contribute to disease progression, highlighting the need for targeted preventive strategies. (Open J Biomed Res 2025;4:7-12)